In the realm of substances, a captivating interplay exists between serene motion and the chaotic forces of turbulence. When a liquid moves smoothly, it exhibits gentle patterns, reminiscent of a flowing river. Molecules travel in an orderly fashion, their interactions subtle. This harmonious state is known as laminar flow. But when external f

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several criticisms as scientists gained a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major limitation was its inability to describe the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model predicted that alpha particles would traverse through the plum pudding with minimal